Named Union Army Michigan 5th Corps Commemorative Gold Honor Cross

Another exceptional lot brought to Sunflower Auction during the summer of 2007 was this Union Army Civil War honor cross named to William A. Throop. For context see my remarks preceding my post about the Jeremiah Paul (American, ? - 1820) 'Washington Leaving His Family' oil on canvas from last June. 

William A. Throop joined the 1st Michigan Infantry as a Second Lieutenant and was mustered out on August 1861. Honorably discharged 1865.

Even before army corps cap badges were conceived by General Daniel Butterfield, a Mr. E. Harmon had outlined a similar system to the Secretary of War Simon Cameron in a letter dated August 2, 1861.

Sir: I would respectfully invite your attention to a new method of distinguishing the Federal troops from those of the rebels in battle, of which I am the inventor.

It consists in the use of badges of different colors or descriptions any one of which can be selected by the commander previous to any engagement thus preventing the knowledge by the enemy of the particular colored badge which shall be worn by our troops so that they cannot be decoyed within the range of the enemy's batteries as they were in the battle of Bulls run by the display of the Federal flag. In other words the badge will answer the purpose of a countersign addressed to the eye. 

After General Butterfield made his similar recommendation to General Joseph Hooker in early 1863, Hooker issued his March 21 Circular outlining "identifying cloth badges for ready recognition" for each corps. Each Corps was assigned a specific pattern, with classes designated by color. By the war's end, 23 of 25 army corps were officially recognized. Congress endorsed the symbolic significance of corps badges in 1866 stating:

All persons who have served as officers, non-commissioned officers, privates, or other enlisted men, in the regular army, volunteer, or militia forces of the United States during the War of the Rebellion, and have been honorably discharged from the service or still remain in the same, shall be entitled to wear, on occasions of ceremony, the distinctive army badge ordered for or adopted by the army corps and divisions respectively in which they served.

Thus, battlefield insignia became a badge of honor and distinction.

Polished cast gold cannon cross, incised edges with inset black enamel-style detail. Applied precious stones in smaller cannon cross form.

Obverse bears engraved battle honors: Occupation of Alexandra, Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Aldie Gap, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Brandy Station, Bristoe Station, Rappahanhock Station, New Hope Church, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Siege of Petersburgh, Weldon RR.

Reverse bears engraved "1st Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, Lt. Col. Wm. A. Throop, 1st Mich. Infantry, 2nd Lieutenant, April 19th, 1861, Captain Aug. 17th, 1861, Major August 30th, 1862, Lieutenant Colonel May 18th, 1863, Colonel December 22, 1864, Brev. Col. U.S. Vol August 1st 1864, Brev. Brig. Gen. U.S. Vol. March 13/65"

Red silk ribbon with post-war added red leather reinforcement. Etched ivy on gold pin brooch and bar. Includes Swiss-made red leatherette case with green silk lined lid with gold printed maker "Blondel & Co., Geneva," purple velvet form fitted interior.

Includes a fantastic original CDV of Lt. Col. Throop, wearing the badge on his chest.

Condition Report: Both excellent, the original ribbon is slightly discolored and mostly detached

Size: Cross 1.9 x 2 in. inclusive of suspension (4.8 x 5.1 cm.), CDV 4 x 2.5 in. (10.2 x 6.4 cm.)

Did you find this post interesting? Click the dates and months on the Blog Archive side bar to the right for more! Thanks for reading!

A Yankee Revisits the Death of a Confederate General

Gates of antiquarian book heaven

As some of you know, I was fortunate to attend the Rare Book School (RBS) at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, during summer 2013, where I took the intensive Principles of Descriptive Bibliography course. The school is, as one might expect, a heaven for antiquarian book sellers, archivists, registrars and appraisers. You may go there for a specific course, but you will certainly gain residual knowledge from others!

Doors of West Lawn 33

My course was, in a word, intense. The principles of bibliographical description developed by Fredson Bowers and published in 1949 are exhaustive - I mean that in ways you don't want to imagine, and include a unique and cryptic notation system that resembles calculus. Next time you're over, ask to see my ream of class notes and books on the subject that I guarantee will cure you of any teetotaler tendencies. But thanks to my RBS training, I can tell you within 15 minutes if a book, especially from the hand press era, 1450-1800, is complete, as well as what parts may be missing. As hard a slog as it was, I wouldn't trade the experience for anything.

Anyway. Being a summer course, I was able to book a room on the prestigious 'The Lawn' - part of Thomas Jefferson's Palladian "Academical Village," and was assigned West Lawn 33. During the regular school year, these rooms are reserved for undergrad students in their final year of study, and are required to be their primary residence during those semesters. Rooms are furnished with a desk, bed, fireplace, sink, rocking chair, and an electric ceiling fan, which of course isn't exactly original Jeffersonian.

Each room also contains a list of occupants dating back to the late 19^th century. None of the names in my room stood out as historic, but inspired by these surroundings, I Googled my room the night I arrived. I discovered it was used much earlier in the 19^th century by Mississippi-born Carnot Posey (1818-1863) when he attended UVa law school before the Civil War. His roommate, John Davis, would become a doctor.

Brigadier General Carnot Posey (1818-1863)

Posey served during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) with the volunteer regiment Mississippi Rifles as a 1st Lieutenant. During the Civil War, Posey was recruited by the Wilkinson Rifles militia, and served as Captain beginning May 21, 1861. Just a couple of weeks later on June 4^th, the militia was absorbed by the 16^th Mississippi Regiment, and Posey was promoted to Colonel. 

He was wounded at the Battle of Cross Keys in June 1862, recovered, and fought at the Seven Days Battles under General R.E. Lee.  He served as temporary commander of four infantry regiments throughout the Northern Virginia and Maryland Campaigns. He fought at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Cemetery Ridge, and was promoted to Brigadier General in spring 1863.

Posey was wounded by a shell fragment at the Battle of Bristoe Station in October 1863 and taken to Culpeper Court House where his wound became infected. Posey's former UVa roommate, Dr John Davis, discovered the general being treated there, and arranged to have him brought to UVa's Lawn, which at the time was being used as a hospital. Davis successfully petitioned the university to annex their old room which happened to be right next door to the pavilion where he was quartered. Posey was brought there for treatment, and the wall was knocked through so Dr. Davis could see his friend and patient often. Unfortunately the nature of medical science during the Civil War being what it was, Posey did not recover and died in their old room. The Davis family had a plot in the University of Virginia Cemetery, and Posey was interred there instead of in the adjacent Confederate States Army section.

I'll never forget finishing the second account of the general's demise, and turning around in my chair to see the scar where the masonry was cut still clearly visible, covered only by a few layers of paint - just inches above the bed. Skeptic that I am, I wondered if it could possibly be "it," and walked outside to peer through the lower windows of the adjacent pavilion where Dr. Davis had his quarters. Indeed the floor of the pavilion matched the height of the lower cut in my wall.

The next day I quizzed one of the grounds administrators about upgrades of Lawn rooms over the last 150 years. She was unaware of any major renovations since the rooms were built, apart from the the rotunda, which was gutted by fire in 1895, and a set of buildings on the south end. Not exactly a water tight case, I admit, but still rather compelling - and the best I could do considering how much time I was to spend in class and on homework.

Despite the fact I self-identify as a "Yank," I must say learning the historic nature of the room added hugely to the already agreeable ambience of working with 400+ year old books!